Research Paper是留学生生活中非常重要也是不可或缺的一部分。写一篇优秀的、能够取得高分的 research paper文章需要注意许多微小的细节。职业论文代写公司发现,动词时态是写作中的一个重要元素。正确地使用动词时态可以直接提高整个文章组织系统的前后关联。与此同时,我们 paper代写网络提醒学生们也要考虑时序上的变化,选择使用现在时还是过去时。这篇文章将分享文章中最常见的时态用法,基本的动词用法规则,以及格式,但仍请您本人完全熟悉 paper格式和教师的要求。
一个普遍的事实不是因时间或地点而改变。因此,在讨论科学事实时,总是需要使用现在时。
例: Insulin and glucagon regulates blood glucose levels.”
2. 启示录与一般事实非常相似,因此写作规则也是一样的。
例: An elevated glucose level indicates a lack of glucagon hormones in the pancreas.”
3.将来研究使用现在时来强调或表示重要性。
例: Further studies about glucagon receptors are needed.(passive voice)
简单过去时
用来讨论在过去某一阶段内所完成的事情。通常用来描述不连续事件,如阅读、实验或观察现象。
例: Scientists in Wales discovered a new enzyme in the liver.”
例: Protocol X was used to analyze the data.” (passive voice)
现在完成时
在 research paper文章中,使用完成动词时态来讨论过去任何不确定时间段内发生的事件,或者已经发生了,但是现在还在进行中/刚刚完成的事件。为了建立背景信息,在介绍 introduction部分通常会使用这个时态,并添加更多关于您研究的动机和目的的解释。值得一提的是,这个时态在 research paper的写作中使用得最少,并且需要尽可能地避免使用它。最好的方法是集中精力于清晰的事情和过去。
例: Many studies have focused on glucagon as an important regulating hormone.”
例: Until recently, researchers have analyzed this kind of data using a Chi- Square Statistic.”
例: Efforts have been made to understand more about this process.” (passive)
Research文章写作中各部分的最适合动词时态
再次提醒一下, research paper中最”适合”的动词时态是由老师给你的格式手册指定的,虽然不同的格式之间有高度的连贯性,所以你们可以用下面的规则来写 research paper。
摘要 Abstract
写摘要的时候最好使用简明的过去时。要写出清晰的引导句,最好使用完成式。但为了确定你研究的重要性,比如,解释世界现状或你研究的特定区域,最好采用现在时。
引导句(完成时态): “Recent research of glucagon and insulin production have led to breakthroughs in medicine.”
建立背景/状况/目标 (现在时态): “Diabetes caused a higher number of deaths in the US than previously calculated.”
为了说明一般事实、文章主体或结论的分析,需要使用现在时。
事实陈述句: “In the United States, diabetes is the most common endocrine disease. ”
假如你在过去的时间里发现了什么,那就需要使用简单的过去时。
例子: In 2015, diabetes was the most common endocrine disease.”
介绍 Introduction
引入部分可以将现在时和过去时混合使用。目前动词时态是用来陈述永恒的事实,而简单过去式是用来陈述过去发生的事情。
在过去进行的研究: “The same research team discovered a similar enzyme in their study in 2012.”
若研究进行的日期不确定或不重要,则可采用现在完成式。
例子: Recent research has indicated a correlation between X and Y.”
对于 introduction的结束语,需要使用简单的过去时或现在完成时。
结论句的例子: “The CalTech glucagon research was inconclusive. ” (过去时态)
结论句的例子: “Prior studies in this area have been inconclusive.” (完成时态)
如果你说的是已经发生过或已经在过去发生过的事情,那么就需要使用过去完成式。
更新的信息: “The CalTech study had found that X was Y, but study in 2012 discovered this to be incorrect.”
文献回顾 Literature Review
当你撰写文档时,需要遵循格式要求(APA、 AMA、 MLA或其他参考格式),所以 literatureview所需使用的时间比较复杂。在写主词为名词的句子时,通常需要使用简单的过去时,然后讨论研究方法或结果。
例子: Pearson (1997) found a new enzyme using similar methods.”
其他经常运用的动词: investigated, compared, studied, analyzed, investigated, found, confirmed, performed等等.
假如你在讨论其他作者的研究,或者提出研究的结果,讨论或者结论,就需要使用现在时。
例子: Ryuku (2005) points out that there are no additional enzymes present in the liver, a finding this current study directly refutes.”
其他经常运用的动词: stresses, advocates, remarks, argues, claims, posits. etc.
方法 Methods
在写“我的”这一节所要用的动词时态,就是上面提到的过去式和现在式。
描述自己所做的事情时,请使用简单的过去时态。在描述人的动作时,你会发现经常使用被动语态。这种写作方法强调的是做什么,而不是指谁做了这件事。虽然在 research paper中使用被动语态非常普遍,但是混合使用主被动语态可以提高文章的可读性。
研究的方法部分: “A glucose molecule was added to the mixture to find out how the peptide would respond.” (passive voice)
分析的方法部分: “The results were analyzed using Bayesian inference.” (passive voice)
请运用现在动词时态以描述或说明graphs、tables或scheme等等。
例子: Table 5 demonstrates the results of this first isolated test.”
例子: The results of this first isolated test are demonstrated in the Table 5.” (passive voice)
结果 Results
需要预约的动词时态规则在 results部分与 methods部分非常相似。用过去式来讨论实际结果吧。
例子: The addition of 0.02μg of glycogen activated receptor cells.”
例子: Receptor cells were activated by the addition of 0.02μg of glycogen.” (passive voice)
简单现在时态需要用来说明 graphs, tables, schemes等等,而主被动语态不能混用。
讨论 Discussion
Discussion部分包括对新发现的分析,解释及其意义。这一部分需要使用简单的过去时来总结你的发现。
总结自己的发现: “The experiment provided us a number of results associated with the processing of glucose.”
用现在时来表示和讨论新发现的重要性。
例子: This study confirms that synthetic glucagon is two-thirds as effective at decreasing fatty acid synthesis.”
结论与将来的研究 Conclusions and Further Research
结语及未来的研究规划一般需要写在 paper的最后几句话中,并提出一些基本、新颖的观点。使用现在完成时态来表示你在 research paper中所写的文章陈述仍然有效。
例子: Results from this study have led to a deeper understanding about how different peptides interact in this enzyme.”
运用现在时态以讨论新发现、描述其应用和未来研究的计划。
讨论新发现: “This study confirms that endogenous glucagon is even more essential in metabolism than previously thought.”
在讨论未来研究的计划或准备进行任何研究时,除被动语态之外,还可以使用未来时,现在时,或假定语气,而不是现在时。
未来研究的计划: “Further clinical studies are needed/will be needed/must be carried out/should be carried out to isolate the cause of this reaction.”
我们专业research paper代写公司深信遵守以上的动词时态规则的话,你文章的可读性就可以提高,时间顺序上也会更正确,research paper中的重点能够更容易被了解。分数也就跟着上去了!如果你难以记住所有上述的规则,并且无法理解research paper写作中不同部分动词时态用法的差异,请联系我们的专业团! 我们的专家是从世界顶尖大学的硕博士,他们知道并理解research文章代写的规则,并且将保证文章中不会出现时态错误用法或任何其他的问题。 如果你需要我们的research paper代写服务或有其他疑问,请联系我们的24/7在线客服。
https://www.assignment1st.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/logo-1.png00assignmentbravohttps://www.assignment1st.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/logo-1.pngassignmentbravo2021-03-16 21:53:472021-03-16 21:53:47英语写作时态解析 Research Paper写作时态用法
我们先来看看DISCUSSION部分写作的具体内容:
A. 本研究的成果
B. 同其它研究比较
C. 结果中的差别
D. 研究的意义
E. 未解答的问题及今后的研究方向
一、在提出自己的观点时可以使用的句型:
(1)如果观点不是这篇文章最新提出的,通常用We confirm that…
(2)对于自己很自信的观点,可用We believe that…
(3)通常,由数据推断出一定的结论,用Results indicate, infer, suggest, imply that…
(4) 在极其特别时才可用We put forward (discover, observe)…”for the first time”来强调自己的创新…
(5) 如果自己对所提出的观点不完全肯定,可用:
①We tentatively put forward (interpret this to…)
②The results may be due to (caused by) attributed to resulted from…
③This is probably a consequence of…
④It seems that…can account for (interpret) this…
⑤It is possible that it stem from…
要注意的是, 如果通篇为(1)和(5),那这篇文章的意义就大打折扣。如果全是(2),肯定会遭到置疑。所以要仔细分析自己成果的创新性以及可信度。
二、用好连接词能使文章层次清楚,意思明确
常见的连接词有:However, also, in addition, consequently, afterwards, moreover, Furthermore, further, although, unlike, in contrast, Similarly, Unfortunately, alternatively, parallel results, In order to, despite, For example, Compared with, other results, thus, therefore……
叙述两种观点,要把它们截然分开AA put forward that…In contrast, BB believe or unlike AA, BB suggest or On the contrary (表明前面观点错误)
只表明两种观点对立,用in contrast BB…
两种观点相近,可用AA suggest…Similarly, alternatively, BB…Or Also, BB or BB also does…
表示因果或者前后关系可用Consequently, therefore, as a result…
表明递进关系可用furthermore, further, moreover, in addition…
三、对于文章的不足进行总结可以使用的句型:
(1)研究的问题有点片面:
It should be noted that this study has examined only…
We concentrate (focus) on only…
We have to point out that we do not…
Some limitations of this study are…
(2)结论有些不足:
The results do not imply…
The results can not be used to determine (or be taken as evidence of)…
Unfortunately, we can not determine this from this data…
Our results are lack of…
(3)可能采取的手段:
Not with standing its limitation, this study does suggest…
However, these problems could be solved if we consider…
Despite its preliminary character, this study can clearly indicate…
申请者姓名-Application of申请的专业。 如:Lei Li- Application of Master of Professional Accounting.
核心竞争力 + interested in XXX(计划申请的研究领域)。 如:Four Years Working Experiences in Ernst Young, Interested in Master of Professional Accounting.
姓名+和收件人之间的联系。 如: Lei Li- We joined Same Business Forum Last Week.
提及推荐人。 如 Elizabeth Chen Suggested I contact you.
直接提到对方感兴趣的地方或者夸赞对方, 以增加邮件被打开的几率。 如: Loved your article in VOGUE.
积极打招呼方式: Hi, we’re [company name]. Nice to meet you!
新入职英文介绍邮件标题
新入职的员工在给客户或者同事发邮件时一定要表明自己的姓名和工作岗位, 例如:
Warm greeting from xxx +工作部门, 如: Warm greeting from Lei Li – Marketing Department
外企请假英文邮件标题
Application of +请假事由, 如: Application of Matrimonial Leave.
Application for Leave Due to+请假原因, 如: Application for leave Due to Medical Reason.
含有数字的标题更有直观效果引人注意。 如: up to 50% Off – In-Store & Online。
使用问句的邮件标题。 问句形式的标题可以引起人们的好奇心从而增加打开邮件的几率, 如: Do you think this is a good idea?
提到互相认识的人,如: James recommended I get in touch.
直接说清楚产品以及优势。如: Keep Dad looking sharp with our Men’s Care Essentials.
直接介绍自己式:发件人的姓名+公司名称+Introduction, 如:Lei Li- New Future Company- Introduction.
用产品优势吸引式: LAST DAY TODAY+产品名称+ DISCOUNT.
New connection from+ 发件人公司名称,如: New Connection from New Future Company
I got your request approved!+发件人名称
Follow Up After +上次联系的内容,如: Follow Up After The Phone Call two Days before.
寻求合作的邮件标题
寻求合作的英文邮件标题
寻求合作时要注意先表明自己的身份和来意,在邮件标题中就可以有所体现。
姓名+公司名字+表明合作意向, 如:Lei Li-New Future Company- Would like to establish business relationship.
公司名称+公司特点+合作意向, 如: New Future Company- One of the China’s top 500 companies- Cooperation Intention With You
表明与客户合作的邮件标题英文
Looking for a cooperation+发件人公司名称
想要合作的项目+Partnership Offer, 如:Adult Learning Partnership Offer
We look forward to working with you.(我们希望和您合作)
Invitation to Exhibit at the+展会名称
We’d love to see you among us at +展会名称
Announcing+展会名称
展会名称+ Are you ready?
The +展会名称+excitement is coming for you
The +展会名称+programme is live
Let’s meet at +展会名称
More information about +展会的名称
Great to meet you at the exhibition.+发件人公司的名称
Still any interest in our service?+发件人公司的名称
站在客户的角度去帮助客户实现未来目标,这样的邮件标题可以引发客户的兴趣,从而增加邮件被打开的几率。
Discussing,your future goals today+发件人公司的产品名称.
当客户在展会上问到产品性能或者具体合流程时,我们可以这样拟邮件的标题:
Question about new product feature from +展会的名称.
Are you ready to discuss our next steps?+发件人公司的名称
Great talking with you today at the exhibition!+发件人公司的名称
跟进客户时,在邮件的标题上加上客户的名字可以提高好感度。
This might be interest to you+收件人姓名
跟客户道歉的英文邮件标题
和顾客的道歉邮件一定要情真意切, 在邮件的标题中直接表明自己的来意会显得更加真诚, 例如:
道歉的内容(简明扼要)+Apology from发件人公司的名称, 例如: App Downtime Apology from Skinny
We made a mistake+发件人公司的名称
Thanks for your understanding about our mistake+发件人姓名 from +发件人公司的名称
We apologize for the confusion+发件人公司的名称
客户拜访邮件标题
拜访客户英文邮件标题
拜访客户的邮件主要是通知来访的时间和谈论的事宜,这些信息最好在标题中写明。具体形式如下:
发件人名称+发件人公司名称+Make An Appointment
Let’s Meet on+拜访的日期
Appointment request+发件人名称+发件人公司名称
Mail for seeking an appointment+发件人名称+发件人公司名称
Great meeting you today+发件公司姓名
It was a pleasure talking to you today+发件人姓名
Thank You Letter from +发件人公司名字
Thank you for taking the time to meet with me today+发件人姓名
One for You, One for Your Valentine(一份给你,一份给您的情人)
SAVE on our newest markdowns and Valentine’s Day Sale!!!(新品上市,情人节特惠!)
♥ is… 25% OFF!(我们给你的爱是…七五折!)
Don’t Mess It Up – Last Day To Shop Valentine’s Day Gifts!(不要错过—情人节礼物最后一天大放送!)
Valentine’s Day Gift Ideas For Your Sweetheart!(情人节创意攻略——给你的TA选一份甜心好礼!)
Sweetheart Deal for You!(甜心特价,只为你!)
英文投诉邮件的标题
Complaint Regarding+投诉的内容(简明扼要), 如:Complaint Regarding Extra Charge With Receipt No. 16789.
直接写出投诉的重点内容作为邮件的标题, 如:Non-availability of Pilot Journals In The Library;Poor Services.
紧急邮件英文标题
紧急邮件标题一般用大写的Urgent或者Urgency加上感叹号可以表达强烈的紧急情绪, 如: URGENT!!! A gangster ran into the neighborhood!
8)当你不知道一个英语单词时,可以先尝试给出一个解释(转述)。比如,当你不知道英语单词notebook时,你可以解释说他就是“我们用于写作的一本空白的本子”。使用模板结构,如“This is a person who…(这是一个… 的人)”或“This is an object we use when(当…时我们使用这个东西)”来解释一些你不知道的英语单词。
举例:【Introductory sentences】On Sunday afternoons I like to spend my time in the garden behind my house. The garden is narrow but long, a corridor of green extending from the back of the house, and I sit on a lawn chair at the far end to read and relax.
【Personal impression】I am in my small peaceful paradise: the shade of the tree, the feel of the grass on my feet, the gentle activity of the fish in the pond beside me.
【Description of an event】My cat crosses the garden nimbly and leaps onto the fence to survey it from above. From his perch he can watch over his little kingdom and keep an eye on the neighbours. He does this until the barking of next door’s dog scares him from his post and he bolts for the cat flap to govern from the safety of the kitchen.
【Analogy】 With that, I am left alone with the fish, whose whole world is the pond by my feet. The fish explore the pond every day as if for the first time, prodding and inspecting every stone. I sometimes feel the same about sitting here in the garden; I know the place better than anyone, but whenever I return I still feel compelled to pay attention to all its details and novelties—a new bird perched in the tree, the growth of the grass, and the movement of the insects it shelters…
【Conclusion】Sitting out in the garden, I feel serene. I feel at home. And yet I always feel there is more to discover. The bounds of my garden may be small, but there is a whole world contained within it, and it is one I will never get tired of inhabiting.